Princeton Linux Users Group [PLUG]

Installaton FAQ

Questions

Read on for answers.

Answers

Q: What are the different distributions on PU_IAS?

A: The current release of PU_IAS is based on a reimplementation of RedHat© Enterprise Linux 5 - PU_IAS Linux 5. At the beginning of the installation of PU_IAS 5 you will have an opportunity to choose which version of PU_IAS 5 you would like to install. These are all possible options:

PU_IAS 5 Server - with Cluster, Cluster Storage, Virtualization and PU_IAS Addons options.
PU_IAS 5 Client - with Virtualization and PU_IAS Addons options.

These are older releases

PU_IAS-2WS is the preferred distro for Workstations. Locally maintained packages are merged into this version. This version continues to be supported but any new installations are discouraged - please use the current release instead.
PU_IAS-2 is the unmodified distro and is preferred for production servers. This version continues to be supported but please consider using the current release instead.
PU_IAS-1/1WS are based on RedHat Enterprise Linux© 3.
RedHat© 9 and older distro's are deprecated, users are encouraged to upgrade to PU_IAS-2WS for workstations and PU_IAS-2 for servers. PU_IAS-1/1WS will continue to be supported but any new installations are discouraged.

Q: Where are the boot images located and which one to choose?

A: There are a couple of different install images you can choose:

boot.iso - boot cdrom image,
diskboot.img - VFAT filesystem image that can be written to a USB pendrive or other bootable media larger than a floppy,
pxeboot - files used for pxe/network initiated installs.

Download locations for boot images for the current distribution version:

Download locations for boot images for older distribution versions:

You can more information on how to create boot media or configure pxeboot in separate faq entries.

Distribution version	Download location
PU_IAS 5 for i386 (32 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/5/en/os/i386/images
PU_IAS 5 for x86_64 (64 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/5/en/os/x86_64/images

Distribution version	Download location
PU_IAS 1WS for i386 (32 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/1WS/en/os/i386/images
PU_IAS 1WS for x86_64 (64 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/1WS/en/os/x86_64/images
PU_IAS 1 for i386 (32 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/1/en/os/i386/images
PU_IAS 1 for x86_64 (64 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/1/en/os/x86_64/images

Distribution version	Download location
PU_IAS 2WS for i386 (32 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/2WS/en/os/i386/images
PU_IAS 2WS for x86_64 (64 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/2WS/en/os/x86_64/images
PU_IAS 2 for i386 (32 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/2/en/os/i386/images
PU_IAS 2 for x86_64 (64 bit)	http://www.elders.princeton.edu/data/PU_IAS/local/2/en/os/x86_64/images

Q: How do I get started with an install?

A: The default install types all depend on having network access during installation. This install is initiated by either a small boot cdrom or a usb pendrive image. After a few questions the install continues over the network and the installer fetches all the instalation material by using NFS or HTTP.

If you will be installing one of our distributions on a machine that doesn't have a high speed network access then please read the FAQ question about creating a DVD image of the distribution version that you will be installing.

You will need a boot image - please read appropriate FAQ questions on how to download and create appropriate boot media.

Once you have the boot installation media start the computer up from it (e.g. boot from the installation cdrom or from USB pendrive).

You will be prompted for install type - please choose HTTP (NFS is not recommended any more). If on IAS campus again choose HTTP installs but you will have to modify the default location of the install material in order to use the local mirror.

After choosing the install type the installer will initialize your networking and then allow you to modify the preset download location of the distribution. If you will be using the www.elders.princeton.edu download server you can accept the defaults. If you will be using IAS mirror you should modify the default server and location as follows:

Where #DistVersion may be 2WS, 2, 1WS, 1 and #Arch might be i386 or x86_64

	original	change to for IAS
server:	www.elders.princeton.edu	www.math.ias.edu
directory:	/data/PU_IAS/local/#DistVersion/en/os/#Arch	/PU_IAS/data/PU_IAS/local/#DistVersion/en/os/#Arch

	original	change to for IAS
server:	elders.princeton.edu	admin.math.ias.edu
directory:	/data/PU_IAS/local/#DistVersion/en/os/#Arch	/usr/redhat/PU_IAS/local/#DistVersion/en/os/#Arch

Q: How to I create DVD images of the PU_IAS Distribution?

First, download everything under the architecture for which you wish to build.
If your architecture is x86-64, download all the files under
http://www.elders.princeton.edu/PU_IAS/data/PU_IAS/5/en/os/x86_64/
IMPORTANT: Make sure you also download .discinfo file. That means you'll need to download at the minimum .discinfo and GPL files, images, isolinux and all subdirectories directories.
Next change to the directory in which you downloaded these files.
In order to decrease the size of the resulting image you can run "hardlink -c . ." (assuming you are in the directory with downloaded files). This should reduce the resulting DVD image by more then 2GB (this is so because the image contains both Client+Workstation and Server variants of the OS and therefore there is a lot of duplication). If you do not have hardlink installed on your system please use Yum to install it ("yum -y install hardlink"). Alternatively you could drop from the image either Client+Workstation dirs or Server - depending on which one you intend to use.
Then ensure you have the dvd+rw tools package installed (you'll need growisofs).

Run growisofs to build the iso image and burn it directly to your media. The command below assumes your dvdburner is symlinked to /dev/dvd

	root@anywhere root# cd /path/to/x86_64
	root@anywhere x86_64# growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -r -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
	-c isolinux/boot.cat -cache-inodes -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
	-boot-info-table -R -m TRANS.TBL -graft-points /=i386

When done you should have a fancy new install DVD.

Q: How do I create boot media?

A: There are currently three supported methods for installing PU_IAS Local 2

CD-Rom (boot.iso)
USB Flash Drive (diskboot.img)
PXE Boot (pxeboot/)

Floppy booting is deprecated, instructions are included for previous releases.

cd-rom boot
Basic instructions for using cdrecord to burn boot.iso.
find your cd-rw drive first.

root@pu_ias images# cdrecord -scanbus
...
2,0,0   200) \'SONY    \' \'DVD RW DRU-510A \' \'1.0b\' Removable CD-ROM
...

burn the image

root@pu_ias images# cdrecord -dev=2,0,0 -v boot.iso
...
Blocks total: 336075 Blocks current: 336075 Blocks remaining: 334489
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10 in real TAO mode for single session.
Waiting for reader process to fill input buffer ... input buffer ready.
BURN-Free is ON.
Turning BURN-Free off
Performing OPC...
Starting new track at sector: 0
Track 01:    3 of    3 MB written (fifo 100%) buf  39% 150.7x.
Track 01: Total bytes read/written: 3244032/3244032 (1584 sectors).
Writing  time:    8.480s
Average write speed   4.6x.
Fixating...
Fixating time:   24.931s
cdrecord: fifo had 52 puts and 52 gets.
cdrecord: fifo was 0 times empty and 0 times full, min fill was 100%.

Note: If you are using a cd-rw, blank the cd first

root@pu_ias images# cdrecord -dev=2,0,0 -v blank=fast
...
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10 in real BLANK mode for single session.
Performing OPC...
Blanking PMA, TOC, pregap
Blanking time:   28.321s

usb boot
To use a usb flash drive as your boot device your bios needs to support usb booting. This is
sometimes called usb floppy drive booting, check your boot options in your bios setup (usually
at startup)

The usb boot image is a vfat filesystem approximately 5MB, you'll need at least an 8MB flash drive
(you can't buy less than 32 right now though). Make sure nothing important is on this drive, you're
going to wipe it out.

Insert the drive and check your logs for messages:

root@pu_ias images# dmesg | grep -A7 hub.c
hub.c: new USB device 00:1d.2-2, assigned address 2
scsi4 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Vendor: LEXAR     Model: JUMPDRIVE         Rev: 1.02
Type:   Direct-Access?                      ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Attached scsi removable disk sdb at scsi4, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
SCSI device sdb: 62464 512-byte hdwr sectors (32 MB)
sdb: Write Protect is off
sdb: sdb1

You may have to load some modules to get your usb flash drive working, usb-storage for instance...
From the above we know that the usb drive is /dev/sdb, we can write out image to it.

root@pu_ias images# dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/sdb
12288+0 records in
12288+0 records out

Now you can boot your machine with the usb flash drive. If you wish to mount the vfat filesystem that
you created, mount the whole device, not sdb1

root@pu_ias images# mount /dev/sdb /mnt/flash
root@pu_ias images# ls /mnt/flash
boot.msg     initrd.img    ldlinux.sys  options.msg  rescue.msg  splash.lss    vmlinuz
general.msg  isolinux.bin  memtest      param.msg    snake.msg   syslinux.cfg

===pxeboot==
Please see the question on configuring pxeboot...

floppy boot
Floppy boot is no longer supported, the following instructions apply to previous releases.

Assuming your using the first floppy drive in your system (does anyone have 2 drives anymore?)
format the disk first if it isn\'t formated already

# fdformat /dev/fd0
Double-sided, 80 tracks, 18 sec/track. Total capacity 1440 kB.
Formatting ... done
Verifying ... done

next copy the boot image onto the floppy

# dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k
1+0 records in
1+0 records out

wait for the drive to finish and your prompt to return! patience, patience!
repeat for drvnet.img or bootnet.img

Q: How do I configure pxeboot?

pxeboot
PXE Booting is relatively easy to setup (if you control your dhcp server).
First, install the dhcp server with the dhcp rpm.
You will need to setup some dhcp options in dhcpd.conf, the following is a minimal configuration:


	 not really required, only a few clients try this
	


allow booting;
allow bootp;

	 Standard configuration directives...
	


ddns-update-style ad-hoc;
option resource-location-servers 192.168.0.1;
option tftp-server-name "192.168.0.1";

	 lease options
	


max-lease-time 86400;
default-lease-time 86400;

	 safety, incase a script kiddie copies this config
	


ignore unknown-clients;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
not authoritative;
}

	 pxe options
	


option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip    code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-ip 0.0.0.0;
group {
# PXE-specific configuration directives...
next-server 192.168.0.1;
filename "linux-install/pxelinux.0";
get-lease-hostnames true;
use-host-decl-names on;
host pu_ias0 {
hardware ethernet 0:22:33:44:55:66;
fixed-address 192.168.0.201;
}
host pu_ias1 {
hardware ethernet 0:77:88:99:aa:bb;
fixed-address 192.168.0.202;
}
}

You'll need to change the hardware ethernet line to the mac address of your machine.
Start dhcp

root@pu_ias etc# service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd:                                              OK  
root@pu_ias etc#

You'll need your machine to serve ip the pxeboot file on tftp, install the tftp-server rpm and turn on tftp in xinetd.

root@tftpboot tftpboot# chkconfig tftp on

Next install the system-config-netboot and syslinux packages.

root@pu_ias linux-install# rpm -Uvh syslinux-2.11-1.i386.rpm system-config-netboot-0.1.8-1.i386.rpm
Preparing...                         ########################################### 100%
1:syslinux                        ########################################### 100%
2:system-config-netboot ########################################### 100%

Export your nfs install tree (do this now, pxeos tries to mount):

root@pu_ias # exportfs -o async,ro *:/PU_IAS
root@pu_ias # exportfs
/PU_IAS

Configure pxe:

root@pu_ias # pxeos -a -i "PU_IAS Local 2" -p NFS -D 0 -s yournfsserver.somewhere.edu \
-L/PU_IAS/local/2WS/en/os/i386 pu_ias-2WS
root@pu_ias # pxeos -l
pu_ias-2WS
Description:    PU_IAS Local 2WS
Protocol:       NFS
isDiskless:     0
Server:         yournfsserver.somwhere.edu
Location:       /PU_IAS/local/2WS/en/os/i386

Now add a client:

root@pu_ias # pxeboot -a -O pu_ias-2 192.168.0.201

Now boot your machine, make sure tftp and dhcp are running on the server and that your nfs export is working. Also, check your firewall rules, the default rules will likely prevent your boot from succeeding, disable the firewall on the server temporarily if you experience problems at this point. (This is not the best practice though, you should enable tftp and dhcp on your machine in /etc/sysconfig/iptables)

Also, there is great documentation in the system-config-netboot rpm, check out your
/usr/share/doc/system-config-netboot-*/ directory.

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